Since his detention in Badr prison in September 2022, Dr. Amasha has allegedly been held in isolation in a cell with continuous electric lights on and 24-hour camera surveillance, and he is allowed little time for outdoor exercise. His physical condition has been deteriorating; he suffers from diabetes and other age-related ailments and has not received medical attention. Furthermore, he has not been allowed visits by his lawyer or family members from the start of his detention in July 2020, when he was held in Tora high security prison before being moved in September 2022 to the new Badr prison. Dr Amasha’s lawyer sees his client when he appears in court, but cannot speak to him or have no direct contact with him as the detainees are kept behind a glass screen. On 25 October 2022, Dr. Amasha’s family learned that he had joined other detainees in Badr prison in a hunger strike to protest prison conditions, which were described as being worse than those at the Tora prison. Detainees complained that prison staff had removed cleaning material from their cell, and would awaken them by loudspeakers early in the morning, move them handcuffed out of their cell in order to transfer a number of them to court, and then return the rest to their cell. Detainees were given a limited amount of food, and one bottle of water per week. The cell door has no window for observation, which is conducted through camera surveillance while communication is conducted through loudspeakers; in one instance, a detainee was ordered via loudspeaker to remove his clothes from a line, indicating continuous monitoring. Without wishing to prejudge the accuracy of the information received, we express serious concern at the allegations of enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention of Dr. Amasha, in recurrence of similar acts taken against him previously, and which appear to be related to his activities as a human rights defender. We express further concerns about the physical and psychological integrity of Dr. Amasha due to the alleged torture and ill- treatment that he was subjected to during his arrest, his subsequent enforced disappearance, and his detention. We are concerned at the lack of adequate medical care provided to him over serious injuries to his ribs allegedly sustained as a result of the torture. We are also concerned at the alleged torture of Dr. Amasha, in detention, by keeping him in solitary confinement and exposing him to continuous bright light and a 24-hour camera surveillance, and at the continued lack of medical attention paid to him despite his various ailments. In connection with the above alleged facts and concerns, please refer to the Annex on Reference to international human rights law attached to this letter which cites international human rights instruments and standards relevant to these allegations. We are issuing this appeal in order to safeguard the rights of Dr. Amasha from irreparable harm and without prejudicing any eventual legal determination. As it is our responsibility, under the mandates provided to us by the Human Rights Council, to seek to clarify all cases brought to our attention, we would be 3